Whereas, in meta substitution, two substituents are bonded to two carbon atoms that are separated by one carbon atom in the ring structure.Īmino group, hydroxyl group, alkyl group, and phenyl group tend to be ortho or para directing substituent groups due to the property of electron-donating nature. But, in para substitution, two substituents are bonded to two carbon atoms that are separated by two carbon atoms in the ring structure. Therefore, in ortho substitution, two substitutes in the ring structure are bonded to two adjacent carbon atoms. Meanwhile, meta substitution has two substituents in 1 and 3 positions. The key difference between ortho para and meta substitution is that ortho substitution has two substituents in 1 and 2 positions of the ring, whereas para substitution has two substituents in 1 and 4 positions. That means the presence of one of these groups makes the incoming substitute attach either to the ortho position or the para position.įigure 03: Meta Substitution Relative to Hydroxyl Group What is the Difference Between Ortho Para and Meta Substitution? For example, electron-donating groups such as amino group, hydroxyl group, alkyl group, and phenyl group are ortho, para directing groups. When there is already one substitute in the ring structure and the second substitute is going to be attached to the same ring, the type of the first substitute can decide the type of the second substitution. The two substituents in the ring structure are bonded to two adjacent carbon atoms. Ortho substitution is a type of arene substitution where two substituents are bonded to 1 and 2 positions of the ring structure. Side by Side Comparison – Ortho Para vs Meta Substitution in Tabular Form These are categorized according to the position of substituent groups in the ring. The terms ortho para and meta refer to different structures of a benzene ring with at least two substituents. The key difference between ortho, para and meta substitution is that ortho substitution has two substituents in 1 and 2 positions of the ring, but para substitution has two substituents in 1 and 4 positions.
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